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While the pithouse has been easily identified as one of the first permanent dwellings to be designed by indigenous architects, it was soon supplanted by another unique structure. Beginning around 700-750 A.D., the Anasazi of the Four Corners region (Utah, Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico) developed a radically different form of home construction employing a mortar consisting of straw mixed with sun baked mud. This mortar (adobe) was used to construct the outer façade of Anasazi dwellings and proved to be a more effective shelter than the semi-underground pithouse had been. Gradually, these structures evolved from single room units to multi-roomed, and even multi-storied, compounds. One such example would be the Pueblo Bonito of Chaco Canyon in present day New Mexico; a five story building made up of over 800 inhabitable rooms.

When Spanish explorers made their first forays into the western expanse of North America, it was adobe architecture that they happened upon. Early settlers used the word “pueblo” to describe the adobe structures that they encountered. While pueblo is actually a Spanish word for a village, this term has become synonymous with this type of architecture. Although the Anasazi had dispersed into separate tribal units by the time the Spanish arrived in North America, their inheritor nations continued to use adobe architecture. The Pueblo Indians are so named due to the prevalence of these structures within their communities.

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